and not less than 5 in. For n  2.0, the thickness should not be less than L (0.8  /200,000) n y h
(9.69) and not less than 3.5 in. where Ln
clear span in long direction, in. m
average value of  for all beams along panel edges 
ratio of flexural stiffness of beam section to flexural stiffness of a width of slab bounded laterally by the centerline of the adjacent panel, if any, on each side of the beam 
ratio of clear span in long direction to clear span in short direction The computed deflections of prestressed-concrete construction should not exceed the values listed in Table 9.14. A one-way reinforced-concrete slab is a flexural member that spans in one direction between supports and is reinforced for flexure only in one direction (Art. 9.52). If a slab is supported by beams or walls on four sides, but the span in the long direction is more than twice that in the short direction, most of the load will be carried in the short direction; hence, the slab can be designed as a one-way slab. One-way slabs may be solid, ribbed, or hollow. (For one-way ribbed slabs, see Arts. 9.54 to 9.58.) Hollow one-way slabs are usually precast (Art. 9.100). Castin- place, hollow one-way slabs can be constructed with fiber or cardboard-cylinder forms, inflatable forms that can be reused, or precast hollow boxes or blocks. Oneway slabs can be haunched at the supports for flexure or for shear strength. Structural strength, fire resistance, crack control, and deflections of one-way slabs must be satisfactory under service loads. Strength and Deflections. Approximate methods of frame analysis can be used with uniform loads and spans that conform to ACI 318 Building Code requirements (see Art. 9.41). Deflections can be computed as indicated in Art. 9.51, or in lieu of calculations the minimum slab thicknesses listed in Table 9.15 may be used. In Fig. 9.22 is a plot of ratios of moments of inertia of cracked to gross concrete section for one-way slabs. These curves can be used to simplify deflection calculations. Strength depends on slab thickness and reinforcement and properties of materials used. Slab thickness required for strength can be computed by treating a 1-ft width of slab as a beam (Arts. 9.45 and 9.46). Fire Resistance. One-way reinforced concrete slabs, if not protected by a fireresistant ceiling, must have a thickness that conforms to the fire-resistant rating required by the statutory building code. Table 9.17 gives minimum slab thickness for various fire-resistance ratings for normal-weight and structural-lightweightconcrete construction. Providing a minimum 3/4-in. concrete cover for reinforcement in restrained construction is adequate under the Uniform Building Code and Standard Building Code for fire-resistance ratings up to 4 hours. Reinforcement. Requirements for minimum reinforcement for crack control are summarized in Art. 9.50. Table 9.18 lists minimum reinforcement when Grade 60 bars are used. Reinforcement required for flexural strength can be computed by treating a 1-ft width of slab as a beam (Arts. 9.44 to 9.46). Rebar weights, lb / ft2 of slab area, can be estimated From Fig. 9.24a for oneway, continuous, interior spans of floor or roof slabs made of normal-weight concrete. One-way reinforced concrete slabs with spans less than 10 ft long can be reinforced with a single layer of draped welded-wire fabric for both positive and negative factored moments. These factored moments can be taken equal to wuL2 / 12, where wu is the total factored uniform load and L is the span, defined in Art. 9.41, TABLE 9.17 Minimum Slab Thickness, in, for Various Fire-Resistive Ratings

Figure 10 Example showing bed course location for wall ties placed at a vertical spacing of 600mm centres and a horizontal spacing of 450mm centres 76mm Designa Basalt 162mm Designa Basalt 450mm Designa Basalt 450mm Design Considerations Brick Technical Manual 69 In a stretcher bonded brick veneer wall or cavity class region is dictated by their horizontal spacing as wall, when wall ties are place at a vertical spacing of shown below. 450mm centres, the grade of wall ties in each wind Table 6 Wall Tie Spacing - 450mm vertical centres Maximum horizontal spacing (mm) General area Within 1200mm of corners Wind class 300 450 600 300 450 600 Note: L = light duty, M = medium duty, H = heavy duty, - = no ties suitable. Refer to Table 3.5 of AS 3700 for mean tie strength for each duty rating. Figure 11 Example showing bed course location for wall ties placed at a vertical spacing of 450mm centres and a horizontal spacing of 600mm centres 76mm Designa Basalt 162mm Designa Basalt 600mm Designa Basalt 600mm

If the parties have agreed to submit a matter to arbitration, the decision of the arbitrators is binding on both parties. The decision can be enforced in any court of law having jurisdiction over the party against whom a claim is made. Because of the large number of construction arbitration cases filed, the American Arbitration Association has, in conjunction with representatives from the construction industry, drafted special construction-industry arbitration rules (Construction Industry Dispute Resolution Procedures. American Arbitration Association, 335 Madison Ave. (10th Floor), New York, NY 10017-4605). These rules provide information for proceeding with construction arbitration. Parties may agree beforehand to submit disputes to arbitration by inclusion of the standard arbitration clause in their agreement: Any controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, or the breach thereof, shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Construction Industry Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association, and judgment upon the award rendered by the Arbitrator(s) may be entered in any Court having jurisdiction