FIGURE 16.17 Electric traction freight elevator. (Courtesy Otis Elevator Co.) In planning for freight elevators, the following should be considered: 1. Building characteristics, including the travel, number of floors, floor heights and openings required for a car. Also, structural conditions that may influence the size, shape, or location of the elevator should be studied. 2. Units to be carried on the elevatorweight, size, type, and method of loading. 3. Number of units to be handled per hour. 4. Probable cycle of operation and principal floors served during the peak of the cycle. 5. Freight elevators are not permitted to carry passengers. For low-rise, slow-speed applications, especially where industrial trucks will be used, rugged hydraulic freight elevators generally will be more economical than electric freight elevators. Classification of Freight Elevators. The American National Standard Safety Code for Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators and Moving Walks, ANSI A17.1, defines three classes of freight elevators. Class A applies to general freight loading. This is defined as a distributed load that is loaded or unloaded manually or by hand truck and no unit of which, including loading equipment, weighs more than onequarter the rated load of the elevator. Class B elevators may handle only motor vehicles. Class C elevators may be subjected to heavy concentrated loads and fall into one of three subclasses. Class Cl applies to elevators that carry industrial trucks, Class C2 to elevators for which industrial trucks are used only for loading and unloading the cars and are not carried by them, and Class C3 to elevators carrying heavy concentrated loads other than trucks. Car Capacity of Freight Elevators. The size of car to be used for a freight elevator is generally dependent on the dimensions of the freight package to be carried per trip and the weight of the package and loading equipment. Power trucks, for example, impose severe strains on the entire car structure and the guide rails than do hand trucks. As a power truck with palletized load enters an elevator, most of the weight of the truck and its load are concentrated at the edge of the platform, producing heavy eccentric loading. Maximum load on an elevator should include most of the truck weight as well as the load to be lifted, since the truck wheels are on the elevator as the last unit of load is deposited. The carrying capacity per hour of freight elevators is determined by the capacity or normal load of the elevator and the time required for a round trip. Round-trip time is composed of the following elements: 1. Running time, which may be readily calculated from the rated speed, with due allowance for accelerating and decelerating time (about 21/4 s for ac rheostatic control with inching, 13/4 s for multivoltage), and the distance traveled. 2. Time for operation of the car gate and hoistway doors (manual 16 s, power

Heating, District. A large, central heating facility that provides heat from steam or hot water to a large number of buildings often under different ownership. Heating, Radiant. Heating by ceiling or wall panels, or both, with surface temperatures higher than that of the human body in such a manner that the heat loss from occupants of the space by radiation is controlled. Heating, Warm-Air. A heating system that uses warm air, rather than steam or hot water, as the heating medium. Heating Surface. Actual surface used for transferring heat in a boiler, furnace, or heat exchanger. Heating System, Automatic. A complete heating system with automatic controls to permit operation without manual controls or human attention. Heating System, Hot-Water. A heating system that utilizes water at temperatures of about 200
F. Humidity. Water vapor mixed with dry air. Humidity, Absolute. Weight of water vapor per unit volume of a vapor-air mixture. It is usually expressed in grains / ft3 or lb / ft3. Humidity, Percent. Ratio of humidity in a volume of air to the maximum amount of water vapor that the air can hold at a given temperature, expressed as a percentage. Humidity, Relative (RH). Ratio of the vapor pressure in a mixture of air and water vapor to the vapor pressure of the air when saturated at the same temperature. Humidity, Specific (Humidity Ratio). Ratio of the weight of water vapor, grains, or pounds, per pound of dry air, at a specific temperature. Hygrometer. A mechanical device used to measure the moisture content of air. Hygroscopic. Denoting any material that readily absorbs moisture and retains it. Hygrostat. A mechanical device that is sensitive to changes in humidity and used to actuate other mechanical devices when predetermined limits of humidity are

Mortar Mortar must comply with AS3700: and the following: M2 (1:2:9) or better for internal walls above the damp-proof course and fully enclosed within the building. For other locations, as required by AS3700: Table 5.1. Chasing should be kept to a minimum and where walls are chased on both sides, the chases must not be made in the same units. Austral Bricks recommends that a Structural Engineer be consulted before construction of any building commences. Working with Bricks Brick Technical Manual 27 2.6.4 Verticore Building Standards Only available in Western Australia Construction and Application Verticore is suitable for use in single-storey or twostorey house construction within the geometric limits of AS4055: Wind Loads for Housing. Verticore can be used for internal walls, external walls and for cavity walls in full brick construction. Verticore is suitable for use in areas where the design wind category as stipulated in AS4055 is N1, N2 or All internal surfaces should be hard plastered or cement rendered. Verticore meets the requirements of AS/NZS4455: Masonry Units and Segmental Pavers. All construction should comply generally with AS3700: Masonry Structures. Wall Sizes