e. PBX, own, lease, or none. f. PBX rectifier system, batteries. g. Special equipment, channel banks, smart jacks, ISDN punch-down blocks, modems. h. Patch panels and wire managers. i. Fiberoptic splice trays. j. Fiberoptic patch panels. k. Any special arrangements for LEC and CLEC equipment. l. Network gear, switches, hubs, bridges, routers, gateways, servers, media converters, wireless gear. m. Special cable with connectors and panels and patches, coax, T1, T1C, telco cable. n. Patch cords designed for the system. o. Fiber testing, OTDR. p. Copper testing, electronic cable tester. q. Equipment testing. r. Backup power systems, if not provided with infrastructure. 7. Building backbone or riser cable: a. High-pair count copper voice cable, plenum-rated as required; riser- and firerated as required. b. Fiberoptic cable: single-mode, multimode, or hybrid; plenum rated as required. c. Special cables, T1, T1C, coax; plenum rated as required. d. Terminations. e. Fiber testing, OTDR. f. Copper testing, electronic cable tester. 8. Communications closet cable and equipment: a. Fiberoptic splice trays. b. Fiberoptic patch panels. c. Punch-down blocks. d. Patch panels and wire managers. e. Patch cables designed for the system.

For an escalator installation in an existing building, careful study should be made to determine the necessary alterations to assure adequate space and supports. 16.4.6 Structural Considerations in Escalator Installation Floor-to-floor height should be taken into account in determining loads on supporting members. Generally for floor-to-floor heights of less than 20 ft, the escalator truss need be supported only at top and bottom. Increased vertical rise can create the need for intermediate support points. A structural frame should be installed around the escalator well to carry the floor and wellway railing. Inasmuch as an escalator is a mechanical device, careful consideration should be given to the potential for noise and vibration in design of the escalator structural supports. Where necessary, the escalator can be mounted on vibration-isolating devices to help reduce noise and vibration. 16.4.7 Escalator Installation Design of escalators permits a vertical variation of 1/2 in in the level of the supporting beams from the specified floor-to-floor height. The escalator is shimmed to bring it level. If variations in elevation exceed 1/2 in, installation is difficult and much time will be lost. To allow for variations in overall escalator length, truss extensions can be provided. Trusses generally are brought to the job in one section. There, they are raised into position with chain hoists, either through an elevator shaft or on the outside of the building. Typically, the escalator manufacturer does not furnish either the exterior truss cladding or the wellway railings and accessories. Because of the need for economy, escalator manufacturers design for minimal weight in the truss cladding. Hence, care should be taken to coordinate carefully the desired design with the escalator manufacturer. FIGURE 16.9 Parallel arrangement of up and

The purpose of the meeting is to review the salient features of the drawings and specifications, to ensure there is understanding by all parties. If there are problems with the design or other aspects of the project, the intent is to identify and resolve them prior to commencement of the field work. As part of this meeting, the roof deck should be reviewed to verify that it is ready for roofing. The need for avoiding damage to the work after its completion should also be discussed. Long-term roofing warranties are quite common, but often their importance is overemphasized in selection of a roof. Many building owners and designers have focused on specifying warranties rather than on other aspects that are more likely to result in a successful roof. The Consumer Advisory Bulletin on Roofing Warranties, 1992, National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA), suggested the following: The length of a roofing warranty should not be the primary criterion in the selection of a roofing product or system because the warranty does not necessarily provide assurance of satisfactory roofing performance. The selection of a roofing system for a particular project application should be based upon the products qualities and suitability for the prospective construction project. A long-term warranty may be of little value to a consumer if the roof does not perform satisfactorily and the owner is plagued by leaks. Conversely, if the roof system is well-designed, well-constructed and wellmanufactured, the expense of purchasing a warranty may not be necessary. Manufacturers who use long-term warranties as a marketing tool have encountered a highly competitive roofing market and have found themselves compelled to meet or exceed warranties of competitive manufacturers. It is suspected that in some cases the length of the warranty was established without appropriate technical research or documentation of in-place field performance. NRCA believes that the roofing consumer, with the assistance of a roofing professional, should focus his purchase decision primarily on an objective and comparative analysis of proven roofing system options that best serve his specific roofing requirements and not on warranty time frames. NRCA further advises that the roofing consumer consult the membrane warranty section of the Roofing Materials Guide for a comparative analysis of the specific provisions, remedies, limitations, and exclusions of the warranties of those roofing systems under consideration. All questions should be addressed to the respective roofing manufacturers for specific written clarification. After a good roof has been delivered to the building owner, it is important for the owner to commit to a program of periodic roof inspections and to follow-up maintenance or repairs as needed. While some systems require less maintenance than others, no roof should be forgotten about after it is installed! Semiannual inspections are recommended for all roofs. The purpose of these inspections is to determine if debris removal is needed; for example, cleaning of roof drains, and if the roof is showing signs of distress. In many instances, undesirable conditions can be minimized if they are detected and corrected early. Without inspections, a small problem, such as a puncture, can go unnoticed until a large area of the roof is wet and in need of replacement. To assist in the care of the roof, many professional roofing contractors offer maintenance contracts to building owners. By making a commitment to periodic inspections and appropriate maintenance and repair, the building owner can optimize the roofs service life and maximize the roofing investment. Maintenance guides specific to low-slope membrane types have been developed by NRCA (Art. 12.22). These guides provide useful information for establishing maintenance programs, emergency and permanent repair procedures, and historical data files; they include a general description of typical maintenance activities by roof system type, as well as inspection checklists. Replacement of existing roofing or installation of a new roof covering over it is usually much more complicated than roofing a new building. Besides issues that are normally considered in design of a new roof, may additional issues arise when roof replacement is needed. For example, it is not uncommon to find existing undesirable building conditions including those that contributed to the demise of the existing roof. Unless these are adequately corrected in the new design (which may be difficult or expensive to do), they can also be expected to affect the new roof